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Themes
Theme
All
Ecosystem services and how we manage them
-Biodiversity
-Climate change adaptation and mitigation
-Cultural services
-Disaster risk reduction
-Equity and justice
-Food security
-Fuels and energy
-Gender
-Governance
-Health
-Livelihoods
-Payments for ecosystem services
-Protected areas
-Regulating services
-Research methods
-Resilience
-Social-ecological systems
-Supporting services
-Understanding wellbeing
-Water security
Types of ecosystem
-Agriculture and land use
-Cities
-Coasts and oceans
-Drylands
-Forests
-Freshwater
-Mountains
ESPA research has focused on these themes:
Ecosystem services and how we manage them
Biodiversity
Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Cultural services
Disaster risk reduction
Equity and justice
Food security
Fuels and energy
Gender
Governance
Health
Livelihoods
Payments for ecosystem services
Protected areas
Regulating services
Research methods
Resilience
Social-ecological systems
Supporting services
Understanding wellbeing
Water security
Types of ecosystem
Agriculture and land use
Cities
Coasts and oceans
Drylands
Forests
Freshwater
Mountains